Showing posts sorted by relevance for query Byron. Sort by date Show all posts
Showing posts sorted by relevance for query Byron. Sort by date Show all posts

Wednesday, February 17, 2010

Byron Capital Markets Adds TNR Gold to Lithium Index TNR.v, CZX.v, NG.to, NGQ.to, ABX, LI.v, WLC.v, RM.v, LMR.v, SQM, FMC, ROC, NSANY, BYDDY, F, HEV,





List of capital transactions by Byron Capital is Who is Who in Canadian Lithium space, which is tiny by any developed market standards, but it is its own beauty - sector is growing very fast. Now TNR Gold with its subsidiary International Lithium Corp. will be on track with other Juniors to be followed. Jon Hykaway is one of the pioneers of Research in Lithium investment space and he is covering now among other companies Western Lithium and Rodinia Minerals with a very optimistic valuations, maybe we can expect research report to follow on International Lithium Corp. as well.


We are following TNR Gold and have a position in the company - it is an important industry recognition benchmark, acknowledging its diversified portfolio of Lithium projects.


Please do not consider anything on this blog, including coverage by third parties, as an investment advise as usual.







Feb 17, 2010 09:53 ET





TORONTO, ONTARIO--(Marketwire - Feb. 17, 2010) - Byron Capital Markets, a division of Byron Securities Limited, is pleased to announce the addition of TNR Gold Corp (TSX VENTURE:TNR) to the Byron Capital Markets Lithium Index. The company was added to the index, effective January 31st, because of its relevance and focus in the area of lithium exploration and development through its 100% owned subsidiary, International Lithium Corp.





The index is a market-capitalization weighted index of representative companies which are exploring for, or developing, lithium properties as their primary business focus. The component companies are public and traded on the TSX Venture exchange, The Australian Stock Exchange, or the U.S. Over-the-Counter Bulletin Board, and each has a market capitalization of less than USD$500 million. Relevant companies are continually reviewed for possible inclusion or exclusion from the index, with any addition or deletion of component companies made at the end of every month.This index can be viewed at the following address: www.byroncapitalmarkets.com/lithium_index.htm We welcome the new addition of TNR Gold Corp to the Byron Capital Markets Lithium Index."

Sunday, August 16, 2009

Lithium Bull market: Electric car mania sparks lithium boom TNR.v, CZX.v, SQM, ROC, FMC, F, DAI, NSANY, BYD, TM, TTM, FXI, GOOG, AAPL, RIMM, HUI, XAU


Byron Securities Lithium analyst Mr Hykawy quickly becomes a star in mass media hunger for hot stories in the markets.


"TORONTO, ONTARIO -- 08/05/09 -- Byron Capital Markets, a division of Byron Securities Limited, is pleased to introduce Dr. Jon Hykawy as our new Lithium Industry analyst."


Media reports are driving hot market in the sleepy summer month of vacations:


"We have a fireworks in Lithium plays recently after all mass media news on advance in Electric cars. TNR Gold TNR.v has hit a new 52 week high among others. Recent financing brought new opportunities to the company and the story is getting out."


Byron Securities has just closed financing with TNR Gold TNR.v:


"TNR Gold Closes $500,000 Flow Through Private Placement
Press Release
Source: TNR Gold Corp.
On Friday August 14, 2009, 1:26 pm EDT
TNR GOLD CORP. (Tier2)
VANCOUVER, BRITISH COLUMBIA--(Marketwire - Aug. 14, 2009) - TNR Gold Corp. (TSX VENTURE:TNR - News; "TNR" or the "Company") is pleased to announce the closing of a brokered private placement previously announced on August 4th, 2009 and led by Byron Securities Limited (the "Agent"), which has resulted in gross proceeds to the Company of $500,000 (the "Offering").


The offering consisted of the issuance of 2,000,000 flow-through shares of the Company at a price of $0.25 per flow-through share for gross proceeds of $500,000. As consideration for acting as agent, the Agent received a cash commission of 7% of the gross proceeds raised. In addition, the Agent was issued 200,000 agent's warrants (the "Agent's Warrants"). Each Agent's Warrant entitles the holder to acquire one non-flow through common share of the Company at an exercise price of $0.25 per common share until February 14, 2011.


All of the securities issued pursuant to the Offering are subject to a four month hold period expiring on December 15, 2009.


Proceeds of Offering will be used to fund TNR's exploration projects in Canada.


ABOUT TNR
TNR is a diversified metals exploration company focused on identifying and exploring existing properties in Argentina and Alaska and new prospective projects globally. Upon approval of pending licences in Ireland, TNR will have a total portfolio of 32 projects, of which 16 will be included in the proposed spin-off of International Lithium Corp.
It is anticipated that TNR shareholders of record will receive one share and one full tradable warrant of International Lithium Corp. for every 4 shares of TNR held as of the yet determined record date. This will result in TNR shareholders owning shares in both TNR and International Lithium. For further details of the spin-off please refer to TNR's April 27, 2009 news release or visit http://www.internationallithium.com.
The recent acquisition of lithium projects in Argentina, Canada, USA and Ireland confirms the Company's commitment to project generation, market diversity and building shareholder value.
On behalf of the board,
Gary Schellenberg, President"





Peter Koven, Financial Post Published: Thursday, August 13, 2009




Little-known lithium has emerged as the hottest commodity of the moment as investors look for a way to cash in on the anticipated flood of electric cars into the marketplace.
The lithium mania swept up a number of Bay Street institutions Thursday, which were buying anything for clients that happened to have the magic L-word in its name. By the end of the day, Canada Lithium Corp. was up 41%, Western Lithium Corp. was up 28%, and First Lithium Resources Inc. was up 67%, all on massive volumes.
"I just think people are realizing there are going to be an awful lot of lithium batteries used in electric vehicles over the next while," said Jon Hykawy, an analyst at Byron Capital Markets. He said that if a couple of million electric cars are sold in the next five years, that alone would equate to about 10% to 15% of current lithium demand.
The market for lithium, a very light silver-white metal, has grown steadily over the past decade thanks to rising demand for batteries in consumer electronics such a mobile phones and laptop computers.
But it is the pending release of the Chevy Volt, the Nissan Leaf, and other electric vehicles that is getting investors most excited about the metal. Some auto companies are already speculating that pure-electric cars could make up 10% of vehicle purchases by 2020, which could put major strain on lithium supplies if it happens.
"The real inflection point is that an automobile needs about 3,000 times as much lithium as a cell phone. This is where we've got a very large potential supply requirement," said Jay Chmelauskas, president of Western Lithium.
The fact that the electric car build-out is getting billions of dollars of subsidies and strong political support, particularly in the United States and China, only adds to the excitement for lithium. In the United States, the support comes as no surprise given the government controls General Motors. But China has also emerged as a leader in electrification. It is the world's largest car market, and experts said that almost every company producing lithium-ion batteries for cars has a plant in China.
The lithium industry is small, with annual production of only about 120,000 tonnes of lithium carbonate. There are also very few ways for investors to get involved in the sector, as it is dominated by four companies: SQM SA of Chile, Rockwood Holdings Inc., FMC Corp., and Talison Minerals Pty Ltd., a private Australian company. "And then you've got a whack load of juniors that are doing anything from the sublime to the ridiculous to come up with lithium," Mr. Hykawy said.
He said that the price of lithium, which is not widely published, reached about US$6,600 a tonne this month. That compares with about US$2,500 a tonne at the beginning of the decade.
The biggest source of lithium is Chile, and Argentina and Australia are major producers as well. Bolivia is described by some as the Saudi Arabia of lithium, but experts said that a lot of the deposits there are contaminated with magnesium and are too costly to mine. Political risk has also kept many companies out."

Sunday, August 09, 2009

Lithium, Gold and Copper: TNR Gold Corp. Announces $500,000 Flow Through Private Placement TNR.v, CZX.v, CGH.to, ABX, NG.to, FXI, HUI, XAU


Young investment group is trying to strike it big in a new market place for Lithium and REE Junior market, approach is serious and we will see how this partnership will move on:


"TORONTO, ONTARIO -- 08/05/09 -- Byron Capital Markets, a division of Byron Securities Limited, is pleased to introduce Dr. Jon Hykawy as our new Lithium Industry analyst."


It is important that financing is at 0.25 CAD and without any warrants, according to the broker financing is fully subscribed. Clients of Byron Securities must be encouraged by recent financing at 0.20 CAD with insiders and Chinese opportunities coming into the picture with Canada Zinc Metals strategic investment in the company.


" Now our next industrial revolution play in Lithium, REE, Gold and Copper has the money and interesting shareholders to connect its ambitions to place where the Growth is.Placement was oversubscribed and made very fast without any brokers involved - it is very positive sign in the current market: financing is available for the strong companies."



"TNR Gold in its turn is getting on the radar screens and Company just announced another financing with Byron Securities involved, they are active in the market for a few days now on buying side..."



TNR Gold Corp. Announces $500,000 Flow Through Private Placement



Posted by mincho2008
Wednesday, 05 August 2009


NOT FOR DISSEMINATION IN THE UNITED STATES OR FOR RELEASE TO U.S. NEWSWIRE SERVICES.


TNR Gold Corp. ("TNR" or the "Company") (TSX VENTURE:TNR) is pleased to announce a brokered private placement led by Byron Securities Ltd. (the "Agent") for 2,000,000 flow-through shares, priced at $0.25 per share which will result in gross proceeds to the Company of $500,000 (the "Offering"). The Agent acknowledges the offering is now fully subscribed for. As consideration for acting as agent, The Agent will receive a commission of 7% of the gross proceeds raised, payable in cash. In addition, the Agent will be issued 200,000 non-flow through agent's warrants, each entitling the Agent to acquire one common share of the Company at an exercise price of $0.25 per common share for 18 months from closing.All of the securities issued pursuant to the Offering are subject to a four month hold period from the closing date. The Offering is subject to TSX Venture Exchange approval and any regulatory approvals. Proceeds of Offering will be used to fund TNR's exploration projects in Canada.


ABOUT TNR GOLD CORP.TNR is a diversified metals exploration company focused on identifying and exploring existing properties in Argentina and Alaska and new prospective projects globally. Upon approval of pending licences in Ireland, TNR will have a total portfolio of 32 properties, of which 16 will be subject to the proposed spin-off of International Lithium Corp.It is anticipated that TNR shareholders of record will receive one share and one full tradable warrant of International Lithium Corp. for every 4 shares of TNR held as of the yet determined record date. This will result in TNR shareholders owning shares in both TNR and International Lithium. For further details of the spin-off please refer to TNR's April 27, 2009 news release or visit http://www.internationallithium.com/.


The recent acquisition of lithium projects in Argentina, Canada, USA and Ireland confirms the company's commitment to project generation, market diversity, and building shareholder value.


Gary Schellenberg, President

Thursday, August 13, 2009

Lithium, REE and TNR Gold TNR.v: Byron Capital Markets Lithium Analyst on CNBC TNR.v, CZX.v, ABX, LUN.to SQM, ROC, FMC, F, DAI, BYD, TM, TTM, NSANY,


"Normal investment cycle will include money flowing into new play - this time Lithium, into companies like SQM, ROC and FMC first and then they will move down the food chain. What will be the M&A targets of new Bull? Who would like to join YouTube before it was bought by Google investing in the first round with its founders?"


This investment company Byron Securities has more substance then we can recognise before, our Lithium story gets serious push in the market today.

"Young investment group is trying to strike it big in a new market place for Lithium and REE Junior market, approach is serious and we will see how this partnership will move on.




TNR Gold Corp. ("TNR" or the "Company") (TSX VENTURE:TNR) is pleased to announce a brokered private placement led by Byron Securities Ltd. (the "Agent") for 2,000,000 flow-through shares, priced at $0.25 per share which will result in gross proceeds to the Company of $500,000"






Byron Capital Markets Lithium Analyst on CNBC Thurs Aug 13 at 2:20pm


(EST)



TORONTO, ONTARIO--(Marketwire - Aug. 13, 2009) - Byron Capital Markets is pleased to announce that our Lithium Analyst, Dr. Jon Hykawy, will be speaking live on CNBC's "Street Signs with Erin Burnett" today at 2:20pm (EST). He has been invited to speak on the show for a segment about the U.S. Battery Industry, encompassing recent developments and increased investor focus upon the space due to the impressive world-wide growth in the use of lithium ion rechargeable batteries. We hope that you will join us in watching Dr. Hykawy give his insight on what is currently happening in this highly topical investment space."

Wednesday, August 19, 2009

LIthium market plays: BNN Report of the Day: Lithium TNR.v, CZX.v, RM.v, WLC.v, SQM, FMC, ROC, F, DAI, TM, TTM, NSANY,


BNN talks to Jon Hykawy, clean technologies and materials analyst. Byron Capital Markets.


"Byron Securities Lithium analyst Mr Hykawy quickly becomes a star in mass media hunger for hot stories in the markets.


"
TORONTO, ONTARIO -- 08/05/09 -- Byron Capital Markets, a division of Byron Securities Limited, is pleased to introduce Dr. Jon Hykawy as our new Lithium Industry analyst."
Media reports are driving hot market in the sleepy summer month of vacations:
"
We have a fireworks in Lithium plays recently after all mass media news on advance in Electric cars. TNR Gold TNR.v has hit a new 52 week high among others. Recent financing brought new opportunities to the company and the story is getting out."
Byron Securities has just closed financing with TNR Gold TNR.v
"

Video:

Sunday, December 06, 2009

Byron Capital Markets Initiates Coverage on Western Lithium Canada Corporation TNR.v, CZX.v, WLC.v, LI.v, RM.v, CLQ.v, SQM, FMC, ROC, AVL.to, RES.v,


Junior mining Lithium and REE plays.
Exploration and development in Lithium and REE.
How to invest in Lithium and REE.


C.S. We think that it is the right time to address different junior mining Exploration and Development companies engaged in Lithium and REE markets. After our Gold Big Picture short term Sell warning and idea of rotation into junior mining sector in Gold and Silver, time is to check other opportunities in the market place. Do not take us wrong: Gold has a very long time to go, do not trade it if it is not your investment approach. We saw the signal - we share it, if we are correct consolidation could be in order and it will be the good time to accumulate Gold and Silver juniors, "which represent even better value as an assets class" if Gold Bull market will be continued. It is Mr Gold Corp - Rob McEwen and we are in a total agreement. While we will be waiting for catalyst (like Major buying out one of the Juniors, continued consolidation among juniors and investment public understanding that Gold will stay above 1000 USD/oz even after consolidation following the recent parabolic run) to propel junior gold and silver mining sector back to multiples close to summer 2008 for Oz of gold and silver in the ground, we will check on other pockets of growth with potential catalyst to unlock the value.


Gold came under pressure last Friday with a "very positive Job Numbers" and US Dollar rally, people started talking again about FED Rate Rise in the next year. We will not bet our farm on it and neither should you. First - you can never find any investment advise here and should not bet on anything, second - US Dollar has a structural problems and the only solution is to keep Green Fellow down. Job Report shows only one, but very important figure - if you are focused enough to destroy your currency value and print money you can postpone financial collapse if others are accepting the game rules (less and less) and financing you by buying your Debt with worthless paper just to keep you going. It means that we will have pockets of growth - there is always a bull market somewhere. We are preaching about ours.




Never let the others make decisions for you. Today we will discuss a few Lithium plays, some with REE flavour and will look at the charts: weather apart from fundamentals, Copenhagen, Warren Buffet and Jay Taylor we have something pointing to catalyst in this sector. We are looking for the start of Second stage of this Bull market.



We will concentrate on Canadian Stock Exchange and will take top five out of 19 mentioned in Lithium - Hype or Substance by Dundee Capital markets on October 28, 2009. All companies are above 10 mil market cap and we will not go below it. Out of six mentioned by Dundee Latin American Minerals will be excluded as they only have a 31% stake in a private company engaged in Lithium. The rest five are presented below with their charts by the market cap.



"Western Lithium Canada Corp. CAD 90 mil MC. WLC.v is focused on it Kings Valley hectorine project in Nevada. The deposit hosts a historic 11 million tonne lithium carbonate equivalent resource (estimated by Chevron in the 1980's) contained in five lences. WLC.v has an updated compliant resource on one of the lences. The Stage 1 (PCD) lens contains 1.3 million tonnes with grade of 0.27% Li (1.44% lithium carbonate). This near surface deposit is hosted by hectorine clay - hectorite clay deposits are not currently exploited on a commercial scale." Dundee. Below you can find Byron Capital price target of 3.5CAD. We note that Canaccord initiated it as well with a speculative buy and Price Target at 1.9CAD Very important notice is that nobody is producing from this type of deposits at the moment. This company is the largest in Lithium among Canadian juniors and Byron's coverage should move all sector if the company is credible enough in the eyes of investors. Technically we have a Cup and Handle bullish formation, all momentum indicators are neutral to positive, selling volume subsided in accumulation and any pick up could create a Buy signal. One project with a new type of deposit and rather low grade should give some concern after next run and consolidation, after it company should give more answers on its development. Recently announced and cancelled M&A deal shows that company is looking for direction, team behind it could give us a hint that they will try to be a consolidator in the sector. Who will be among their targets? We will leave it to your imagination.




"Canada Lithium Corp. 67 mil MC. CLQ.v primary focus is its past-producing Quebec Lithium Project. CLQ is also looking at other spodumene pegamatite deposits in Canada. (They canceled their option to obtain lithium brine project in Nevada after initial exploration - S.). CLQ.v has commenced a pre-feasibility study on Quebec Lithium and aiming for a completed feasibility study in 2010. CLQ.v suggested in March 2009 that it had materially advanced its lithium carbonate metallurgical process and could ultimately produce battery quality lithium carbonite. Quebec Lithium is located 60 km north of Val d'Or and produced for ten years in the 1950's and 60's. Spodumene rich dykes were extracted from the underground operation. A historic resource of 15.6 million tonnes with a grade of 1.14% Li2O remained following a ten year operation." Dundee. Canaccord has initiated coverage with a target Price of 0.5CAD. Technically stock chart could generate Buy near term, but company diluted itself at the very low levels and now is close to be fully priced at least by Canaccord estimations. Former CEO Judy Baker is not adding credibility to the team by her sudden departure and resurrection in American Lithium, which as some suggested could be a heavily promoted company without any substance at all. After one month as a President there she is out again and is a "project manager". Check this one out carefully before any moves.



Lithium One Inc. 33 mil MC. LI.v's primary focus is the 1700 hectare James Bay project in northern Quebec. Several pegmatite dyke swarms have been identified by surface mapping. Drilling and trenching was undertaken in 2009 and most reported intercepts and channel samples have been in the 1.3% to 1.7% Li2O range. Company estimates that true widths of the dykes are up to 30 m wide. The company has also recently acquired over 25000 hectares of land in Argentina with surface brine samples containing high levels of lithium and potash (averaging of 640 ppm Li). Dundee. Canaccord initiated Lithium One with Target price of 1.2CAD On a chart side company looks like overshoot, with a double top and then lost more then 50% of its value from the peak. Nobody was buying it after the top and stock has slided where it is now. It means that insiders and people close to the company was not in a hurry to increase their positions. Company looks like a good combination of hard rock and brine lithium projects. Technical signal Buy could be generated with further buying pressure and there is room for appreciation at least to Canaccord TP of 1.2CAD.



"TNR Gold Corp. and International Lithium Corp. 25 mil MC. TNR Gold was an early mover in acquiring lithium properties and has assembled a package of eight properties that continues to grow. The projects are located in diverse geographical locations with pegmatites in Canada and Ireland and brine projects in Nevada and Argentina. TNR Gold plans a spin out of its lithium and rare earth element assets into International Lithium Corp. in the first quarter of 2010. The company will also be looking for joint venture partners to move their extensive property portfolio forward." Dundee.
Company is not followed by any investment houses with a Price Target at the moment, but was taken on its Watch list by Jay Taylor after San Francisco conference. Any coverage intiation will bring more attention to this junior.

"JAY'S WATCH LIST Nov 26, 2009


TNR Gold Corp. and wholly-owned International lithium Corp. ("ILC") are demonstrating widespread and strong lithium, rare metals, and rare earth elements (lithium, tantalum, lanthanum, neodymium, and cesium) mineralization on its large portfolio of 16 projects worldwide spanning Argentina, Canada, USA Nevada, and Ireland. This is big news for ILC's spinoff in early 2010.
Also in play are TNR's key projects in Argentina: Eureka, El Salto, and El Tapau; and its Alaskan commitment: Shotgun and Iliamna. Shotgun hosts a million ounces of historic gold deposit, while Iliamna is an early-stage exploration project showing geological similarities to the nearby Pebble Deposit, approximately 50 km away. TNR will strengthen its assets through partnerships with mid-tier and major companies, and establish long-term cash flow through royalty interests and project development."
We will add from our side, that company was trading at the same level in Spring - Summer 2008 before any lithium and REE properties were acquired. It is an early stage exploration play and access to the capital will be critical for the company. Any significant result from the properties could generate a Buy signal from recent consolidation stage. Stock was in an accumulation stage around 0.3CAD recently and Insiders increased their position according to filing. It is the only company from this sector with drivers in lithium, REE, gold and copper with catalyst in the form of announced strategy to spin off International Lithium and Alaska Gold and Copper properties could follow this approach.
We own the shares of this company among others discussed on this blog, please do not take anything as a solicitation to buy or sell any particular stock on this blog.





"Rodinia Minerals Inc. 10 mil MC. RM.v flagship property, the Clayton valley property in Nevada, was acquired in February 2009. The project is located adjacent to the only lithium producing facility in the US, the Silver Peak brine operation (Chemetall-Foote Corp.), which currently produces 1.2 million kg of lithium per annum. Rodinia is the main land holder in the area. The company's second project, the Strider Lithium property in Manitoba, was acquired in May 2009." Dundee.
It is an early stage lithium brine exploration play in Nevada, U.S. Peter Grandich was engaged on promotion side by the company and stock jumped almost 20% forming a Double Bottom. Further upward pressure will confirm the Buy signal on technical side.






Toronto, ONTARIO -- (Marketwire) -- 12/03/09 -- Byron Capital Markets, a division of Byron Securities Limited, is pleased to announce that it has initiated coverage today on Western Lithium Canada Corporation (TSX VENTURE: WLC) with a Speculative Buy rating and a target price of $3.50.
In this 17-page research report, analyst Dr. Jon Hykawy gives a comprehensive overview of the company and speaks to the processes and economics of lithium production derived from hectorite clays.
This report further exemplifies Byron Capital Markets' continuing commitment to research and, in particular, its ongoing efforts in the Electric Metals space."

Thursday, August 06, 2009

Lithium Bull market - Canaccord is in the Lithium Race TNR.v, CZX.v, SQM, ROC, FMC, F, DAI, NSANY, BYD, TM, TTM, HUI, XAU, GOOG, RIMM, AAPL, FXI,

Obama just loves all Electric, could we also stop to be cynical and truly endorse the "Feel Good Investments Play" for real?

We will add to the list TNR Gold TNR.v and its coming spin out International Lithium Corp.: Canaccord must be modest not to mention this junior, while buying it from time to time - but no worry here, it must be its clients. Once they load up and TNR Gold will move forward its properties - place in this list is warranted in our opinion.


We like their way of thinking and it is important endorsement to Junior Lithium and REE market from the broker. You can still find undervalued companies even when industry insiders start to pump the hot market play. Do not forget to make your homework as usual on all companies.


"From an investor’s perspective, the goal is to own what China needs and China needs metals. And strategically, it could be easier for China’s state-owned corporations to fly under the radar and buy or take positions in smaller foreign corporations rather than their larger cousins. We return to our long-term thesis: own quality junior exploration and mining companies with superior projects. Canaccord Adams"



TNR Gold in its turn is getting on the radar screens and Company just announced another financing with Byron Securities involved, they are active in the market for a few days now on buying side and we will dig in what is it all about later.


"TORONTO, ONTARIO -- 08/05/09 -- Byron Capital Markets, a division of Byron Securities Limited, is pleased to introduce Dr. Jon Hykawy as our new Lithium Industry analyst.
Dr. Hykawy holds both a PhD in physics (1991, Manitoba) and an MBA (1997, Queen's) and has been working as a clean technologies/alternative energy analyst for the last four years. He entered the financial services industry in 2000, and originally worked as a technology analyst. He has studied the wind, solar and battery industries extensively. Specifically, he has conducted significant research in the areas of rechargeable batteries, ranging from rechargeable alkaline to Li-ion to flow batteries.
His current area of focus is the lithium sector, ranging from batteries to lithium availability/production. Lithium-ion batteries are the automobile industry's main focus for future vehicles, ranging from hybrids to fully-electric vehicles, owing to their high specific power, and levels of stored energy. Any meaningful adoption of Li-ion batteries will require increasing current production of lithium, as even low levels of adoption can significantly boost demand (even scenarios of low levels of adoption of mild hybrid vehicles suggest lithium demand could rise 30% by 2014).
We are very excited about the addition of Dr. Jon Hykawy to our team of professionals at Byron Capital Markets, and specifically about his future contributions to our efforts in the Lithium Industry space
."


From Canaccord:




Adding fuel to the fire. Lithium stocks have been on quite a roll of late and recent news bites from U.S. President Barack Obama are only going to help. While speaking to an audience in Wakarusa, Indiana, President Obama announced US$2.4 billion in grants to accelerate the manufacturing and use of next-generation car batteries and electric vehicles. "I'm committed to a strategy that ensures America leads in the design and the deployment of the next generation of clean-energy vehicles," Obama said. "This is not just an investment to produce vehicles today; this is an investment in our capacity to develop new technologies tomorrow."
Global Strategic Analysts predicts that the market for lithium-ion batteries is likely to grow at a compound annual growth rate of over 32% through 2010. And this growth rate could continue to climb with an increased demand for hybrid automobiles as lithium-ion batteries remain the only current viable solution with the cost of hydrogen infrastructure prohibitive for hydrogen fuel or hydrogen fuel cell technology. While the face of growth in lithium demand is clearly linked to economic activity due to its relation with the cell phone,computer battery and hybrid auto sub sector, the current economic slump could hinder demand for the most important usages (in terms of quantity used per unit) in the hybrid auto industry.
However, the slowdown should be transitory and the hybrid auto industry appears poised to develop into substantial industry, which should offset the maturity of the other two principal applications. The largest players in the sector are Soquimich (SQM), Chemetall (ROC), FMC Lithium (FMC), Admiralty Resources and Comibol (Bolivian government). Lithium-focused juniors include: Canada Lithium(CLQ), Western Lithium Canada (WLC), Lithium One (LI) and Rodinia Minerals(RM)."

Wednesday, April 20, 2011

The Energy Report: Lithium Powers The Green Revolution tnr.v, czx.v, alk.ax, lmr.v, tsla, rm.v, nup.ax, srz.ax, usa.ax, jnn.v, abn.v, res, mcp, avl.to, quc.v, cee.v, sqm, fmc, roc, li.v, wlc.v, clq.v, lit, nsany, byddf, gm, dai, rno.pa, hev, aone, vlnc

  

  We have today a very good educational article on the Lithium investment space. Jonathan Lee from Byron Capital discusses his company views on the Lithium Investment space and its active players. As you already know, we are here writing only about interesting things for us and companies where we are investing - we should mention that this article talks about some of the companies financed by Byron Capital to make things straight. 
   Notable omission from this Lithium market space review by Byron Capital will be Western Lithium and Canada Lithium from the list.
  We were following some mentioned companies from the very beginning of lithium rush  - Orocobre, Lithium One and Rodinia Lithium. Rodinia Lithium and International Lithium - spin out from TNR Gold - are our top picks in the Lithium space now.
  We are always searching for catalyst for particular investment idea. We have our big picture Macro Catalyst in action now with S&P putting US on Negative outlook and Bill Gross selling all US Treasuries. Powerful Macro trend of Peak Oil multiplied by Inflation will make Electric Cars the reality in the nearest future. Gas prices here will be the very good incentive for keeping the topic in the headlines.



  We have an industry catalyst in Electric Cars now: China has announced that Electric cars will be strategic industry in its 12th Five Year Plan, IMF talks about Peak Oil and higher Oil prices and new Electric Cars are hitting the roads and showrooms.



    On the company level catalyst comes when strategic investors are buying stakes in the new players after few months spent on full due diligence of the company and its properties. TNR Gold is already a part of Byron Lithium index and we think that International Lithium will get on the radar screens now after its IPO. 
    We always love to find next promising play like Orocobre just before Toyota investment - now Mr Market gives us this opportunity. Rodinia Lithium has received investment from Chinese Shan Shan last Fall and this week International Lithium has announced that Chinese Jiangxi Ganfeng Lithium buys strategic stake in its IPO. Recent M&A activity in Lithium space shows that every significant end user would like to have secure supply of Lithium for this Green revolution.




   "Strategic Chinese Investor Buys Stake in International Lithium Corp. Jiangxi Ganfeng Lithium Co information from Reuters. Here is moreinformation from the company website. Now we know the name of Strategic Investor buying into International Lithium IPO. Record date - before which all shareholders are entitled to ILC shares and warrants - to be set shortly. International Lithium Corp. has secured for its IPO one of the leading Chinese lithium products manufacturer. Kirill Klip - the major shareholder and controlling person in TNR Gold will participate in IPO as well.
   Ganfeng Lithium is a well known in China leading producer of advanced lithium materials, including for the Primary and Secondary batteries. It was listed in August 2010 on Shenzhen stock exchange in China, by the way its IPO was up 200% on the first day of trading.
  Recently 
Industrial Minerals published an article on Ganfeng Lithium." 


   Strategic investor is important not only as the way to finance the company, but allows to streamline its development. As this article pointed out, "the product has to meet customers'  end specification" - in case of companies like International Lithium we have the strategic investor and end user participating from the stage of project development to ensure the right technological and chemical specifications. We hope that the company will be able to be a fast learner in the lithium development market now and will be catching up on Rodinia Lithium with its market cap. It is at more than 40 million CAD now fully diluted. Byron's   Speculative Buy rating with price target for Rodinia at 2.25CAD will put it at 211 mil CAD - wild dreams for us, but we do not mind as its shareholders.



  Another important note from the article is a Potash credit to the full economics of the projects, we have in a number of companies not only Lithium plays on Electric Cars roll out, but Food investment theme as well. FMC started Potash production last year in the same area in Argentina where International Lithium's Mariana Salar is located. 
   Consolidation in the industry will continue further and we think that this time next year we will have less names among solid lithium developers to discuss here.

Please, do not forget, that we own stocks we are writing about and have position in these companies. We are not providing any investment advise on this blog and there is no solicitation to buy or sell any particular company here. Always consult with your qualified financial adviser before making any investment decisions.

The Energy Report:

Jonathan Lee: Lithium Powers the Green Revolution
Source: Brian Sylvester of The Energy Report  04/19/2011
The Energy Report: Jonathan, please tell us about lithium and its core uses.

Jonathan Lee: Lithium metal is used mainly in the glass and ceramics industry and in lithium-ion batteries, which, collectively, comprise about one-half of all lithium used. The other remaining uses are anything from greases, casting and aluminum production to pharmaceuticals. It's a very versatile metal.

TER: What is the investment thesis for lithium?

JL: Lithium is an important component of the batteries that power electric vehicles (EVs). We believe in the electrification of vehicles over time. It's a transition; Nissan's LEAF has come to commercial production, the Tesla Roadster has come out and the Chevy Volt also has come into commercial production. We focus on the metals that play a role in the electrification of our transportation mechanisms and associated infrastructure. Obviously, lithium came up as one of the key metals that will be used in this revolution.

lithium

TER: The green revolution?

JL: The green revolution is a nice way of saying it. Demand for lithium will continue to grow at a much higher rate than gross domestic product (GDP) over the next 10 years.

TER: What has lithium's supply/demand curve looked like during the past few years?

JL: Lithium experienced a dip in 2009, but production has been around 120,000 metric tons (120 Kt.) lithium-carbonate equivalent since 2008. That's equal to about 23 Kt. lithium metal. In 2009, lithium demand, along with many other materials, dropped pretty severely to under 100 Kt. Estimates for last year, 2010, range from less than 100 Kt. to about 120 Kt. It's hard to get very exact numbers because it's a fairly opaque market.

Four major players dominate the market: Sociedad Química y Minera de Chile S.A. (NYSE:SQM; SSX:SQM-B, SQM-A), FMC Lithium Corp. (NYSE:FMC), Chemetall, which is a unit of Rockwood Holdings Inc. (NYSE:ROC), and Talison Lithium Ltd. (TSX:TLH). We estimate there was about 108 Kt. tons in 2010. FMC, a large lithium miner in Argentina, estimates it at 100 Kt.

TER: Do you think the lithium market will become more transparent and perhaps trade on the LME, for example?

JL: Lithium is not that big of an industry, but you saw cobalt and molybdenum start to trade on the LME in early 2010. If there is some success in trading those materials, maybe there are some benefits in trading lithium. The problem is that lithium is traded in different forms. That would make it more difficult to trade on any exchange because it is sold as spodumene, which is lithium oxide concentrate, lithium chloride, lithium hydroxide or lithium carbonate. It is really customer specific; so, it probably won't be trading on an exchange any time soon.

TER: What has the price of lithium been like in the recent past?

JL: Each form of lithium brings a different price. In the second half of 2008, a big run-up in the price of lithium carbonate equivalent (LCE) resulted in highs of $6,000/ton. In 2009, SQM's figures show lithium was selling at around $5,300/ton and its latest financials indicate that it was selling at around $4,700/ton last year.

TER: Where do you expect the price to be by year-end?

JL: We think it's going to finish at around $5,000/ton lithium carbonate. With so few players in the market and not many low-cost juniors expecting to come into production this year, I don't foresee a price move upward or downward in the next year.

TER: Do you believe there's long-term upside in the price of lithium?

JL: I'm not sure if there's a real upward price trend for lithium in the long term; thus, any high-cost supplier that comes to the market is really going to have a hard time competing. I don't believe there will be a dramatic increase in the lithium price in the near, medium or long term.

TER: So, it's all about the margins on these projects? A company must bring lithium to market at a low cost to have a good margin?

JL: I believe that the low-cost suppliers will be able to thrive in this marketplace. Obviously, the product has to meet customers' end specifications. The problem is that often juniors don't know whether or not they meet customers' specs. Only some have offtake options for steady customers but, in forming options, companies have access to customer specifications with which they can develop around. It's hard to gain a market share without being a low-cost producer or having an offtake agreement.

Also, three of the four main lithium companies are planning expansions. Chemetall wants to—whether or not it will get permission is another question because it's in Chile and lithium is a strategic metal. FMC is looking to expand its operations 30% this year.

Talison is planning to double its production capacity. The company recently raised money, has all the capital costs to invest and is willing and ready to compete. However, it does produce slightly different material—spodumene—mainly to customers in China for the ceramics and glass market. Talison is considering going from a mine to spodumene, and then from spodumene to lithium carbonate.

TER: Isn't that a hard rock deposit that's in Australia?

JL: Yes. The company is looking at whether or not it will be economically feasible to go from spodumene to lithium carbonate at this time. It hasn't made that decision but, like FMC, it is definitely expanding its operations to increase capacity. For us, hedging risk implies being a potential low-cost producer trying to compete with these expanding companies for the growing lithium demand.

TER: The market is dominated by four companies but there are some up-and-comers in this space, most of which have brine deposits. What are some of Byron's favorite names among the up-and-comers?

JL: A few low-cost producers have the potential to thrive and return money to investors in this marketplace.Lithium Americas Corp. (TSX:LAC) has the Cauchari-Olaroz project that is scheduled to go into production in 2014. We like the company because it has very good chemistry. It has a very high lithium concentration and a very low magnesium level. Its preliminary economic assessment (PEA) should be released fairly soon. We're looking forward to seeing that and the results of all the hard work the company has done over the last few months. We currently have a Speculative Buy rating on LAC and a $2.80 target price.

The Sal de Vida project is another one that we really like. It is being developed by Lithium One Inc. (TSX.V:LI). We have a Speculative Buy rating on LI with a $2.45 target price. The company has some of the best brine chemistry; and with good lithium and potassium concentrations combined with the right magnesium and sulfate concentrations, it may be one of the lowest-cost producers. The Sal de Vida project has very similar brine chemistry to that of FMC, which is one of the four main producers.

TER: The companies' projects are basically right next to each other?

JL: FMC is on the west side and Sal de Vida is on the east side of Farallon Catal, a volcanic intrusion that comes up and separates the two. Lithium One released its inferred resource report in early March and the brine chemistry results were better than expected—very high potash levels, very high lithium concentrations and very low magnesium levels, which are good indicators of a low-cost production. Lithium One also has a pilot plant producing lithium carbonate. It is not only progressing with drilling and determining the size of the resource, but also making sure it can produce lithium carbonate.

TER: Has the company recovered potash, too?

JL: It really comes down to working with chemistry. There will be a potash byproduct credit, but it really depends on the economics of it and how much potash the company wants to create relative to lithium. There's always give and take because production utilizes an evaporation method. Lithium One has to determine whether it wants to produce more lithium or potash.

We also cover Orocobre Ltd. (TSX:ORL; ASX:ORE) with a Speculative Buy rating and a $3.05 price target. The company is probably the most advanced to date and should come out with a definitive feasibility study. It has a joint venture (JV) agreement with metals trading house Toyota Tsusho Group (OTCPK:TYHOF), an affiliate of Toyota Motor Corp. Subsequent to the definitive feasibility study, the plan is to have Toyota Tsusho make a 25% equity infusion to start construction on the mine.

TER: And as Lithium One is to FMC, Orocobre is to Lithium Americas. They're pretty close to each other, too, right?

JL: Yes, Lithium Americas and Orocobre are in the Olaroz-Cauchari Basin. A river delta separates the two salars.

TER: Given their proximity, what's your opinion about the possibility of those companies joining forces?

JL: There would be a lot of synergies if the two merged. Obviously, infrastructure and capital costs could be shared; but it comes down to valuation. I think there would be enough synergies to warrant investigating a merger.

TER: Which company is more likely to become the consolidator?

JL: It's hard to say. They both have pretty good cash positions right now, but Orocobre has a larger market capitalization.

TER: Talison Lithium also has been trying to get into brine deposits due to the high margin on high-grade brine deposits. Have you heard anything about that?

JL: Talison Lithium went public on September 23 through a reverse takeover (RTO) in which a private company acquires a public company. Talison merged with Salares Lithium and, in doing so, acquired early stage brine projects in Chile. It was a nice complement. I think it's a long-term story for the company, given that it has such a good customer base in China from its high-grade lithium-bearing spodumene project, the Greenbushes Lithium operation.

Rodinia Lithium Inc. (TSX.V:RM; OTCQX:RDNAF) also has a brine deposit at its Salar de Diablillos project in Argentina. We have a Speculative Buy rating on it with a $2.25 target price. It's another example of fairly good chemistry and good, effective porosity levels. And the project is another that, potentially, could be a low-cost producer. It has a decent level of lithium grade, reasonable magnesium:lithium ratio and very attractive sulfate levels—that's another key. It has a lot of positive qualities.

Rodinia has a strategic investor in Shanshan Resources Co., Ltd., a wholly owned subsidiary of the largest battery manufacturer in China—Ningbo Shanshan. Some of Shanshan's partners have extensive experience doing brine chemistry in the Tibetan salars. Shanshan is a value-add for that company.

TER: Where is lithium demand going relative to new technologies like EVs and batteries for smart phones, laptops and tablets?

JL: We're definitely very bullish on the demand for lithium. Being that lithium is in the top left of the periodic table, it's an energy-dense, but light, material for battery applications. Demand began to pick up in the latter half of 2010 and I believe it will increase significantly from 2014–2016 on, due to the implementation of EVs. To give you some perspective on lithium use, there's roughly 20 kg. (44 lb.) of lithium in every Nissan LEAF battery; and the Tesla Roadster contains twice as much lithium.

TER: One of the issues with some specialty metals like lithium is that cheaper substitutes are often found when prices for specialty metals get too high. Is this a threat in the lithium space, or are its unique properties of lightness and high-energy density virtually irreplaceable?

JL: I don't think there is any danger of lithium being replaced by another metal. If it was to be replaced, it would be swapped out for a different technology. Lithium is the choice material for rechargeable batteries. President Obama has come out and said that, by 2015, all federal vehicles purchased will be alternative-fuel vehicles. That's a steppingstone to where lithium demand can go. I know China's following suit also, in terms of electrification of it vehicles. We firmly believe that because of road electrification, lithium will be used more and more.

TER: Thanks, Jonathan, this has been very informative.

Jonathan Lee is a battery materials and technologies analyst with Byron Capital Markets in Toronto. As a member of Byron's research department, Lee applies his beliefs, skills and investment acumen to evaluate and select equity securities, and then recommend investment ideas to the firm's proprietary traders and institutional clients. His primary focus is on the battery materials sector, which includes lithium, vanadium and cobalt. Prior to joining Byron in 2010, Lee had more than seven years of professional industry experience in the manufacturing and engineering sectors. He previously worked in an engineering capacity preparing feasibility studies for economic assessments and engineering designs for construction projects. Lee has an MBA from the Leonard N. Stern School of Business at New York University, BSc in chemical engineering from Tufts University and is a CFA Level III candidate.

Want to read more exclusive Energy Report interviews like this? Sign up for our free e-newsletter, and you'll learn when new articles have been published. To see a list of recent interviews with industry analysts and commentators, visit our Expert Insights page.

DISCLOSURE:
1) Brian Sylvester of The Energy Report conducted this interview. He personally and/or his family own shares of the following companies mentioned in this interview: None.
2) The following companies mentioned in the interview are sponsors of The Energy Report: Talison, Lithium Americas, Lithium One and Rodinia.
3) Jonathan Lee: I personally own shares of the following companies mentioned in this interview: None. I personally am paid by the following companies mentioned in this interview: None."

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Monday, January 24, 2011

Is the Developing World Poised for an Electric-Vehicle Boom? 3rd Lithium Supply and Markets Conference in Toronto, 2011 tnr.v, czx.v, lmr.v, rm.v, alk.ax, sqm, fmc, roc, lit, li.v, wlc.v, clq.v, res.v, ree, avl.to, nsany, f, gm, rno.pa, dai, byddf, hev, aone, vlnc



  


  3rd Lithium Supply and Markets conference was held in Toronto this year, we can have a glimpse into the state of Lithium market from this article published by Australian Popular Science. 
  We will be searching for the presentations from the conference and will talk to industry insiders. We are following here Lithium junior mining companies and found Kirill Klip from International Lithium on Twitter from the event:

 Kirill Klip 


It is minus 20 C in Toronto, but the city goes Electric...at least some people in some places






Would like to share a few bits from 3rd  Supply and markets in  this week Nothing is an advise to sell or buy any securiti…





These are my personal views and not the ones of any of our companies: It is cold here! Always seek advise from CFA and be careful - you can…





First night we looked from the top of the Cn Tower on the past: Retiment Party for The Combustion Engine by  - it is  Age now





Would you like to know the future? You can try - talk to at  about   and go to …





 is great - like   Test and good for my CDN English as well - Pay att to  industry now, hype is gone soli…





Now we have Big 4 in     and  - msg there is the growing market ...but only for 4 of us, lst year same song fo…





All big 4 are expanding production,  moves into ,  market is back to almost pre crisis levels in volume and prices





  and  has made it as a state level plan to secure supply in  and 





West do not get the message - I will post on my  group this - time is already gone. Almost all best  projects are taken





Who R the  buyers?            only CDN is in the p…





 Market 2010 app 100-120 k t of LiC only with 15-20% will grow 3-5 times by 2020 





 Market drivers  from 0 base higher proportion of full  plus world goes mobile there 7 bil of us now





 Market upside  shock and  price over 100 $ with  share dramatically higher than 50% in sales by 2020





 Market wild card  12th 5y plan with  as Strategic industry and 17 bil investment by 2020 state level plan





 Hype is gone solid fundamentals are here to stay now consolidation Small guys are falling behind  has taken Lithium 





Hard Rock  guys are dating for  projects just few left on the Market - our Mariana is looking for relationship only serious …





Surprise - with all rush for    cos r very interested in Hard Rock capacity is there already and they can not get eno…





It is almost surreal time machine for  in 2002  is at it's very beginning No retail No heavy hitters from 





 Market now is just few end users and couple of investment firms flip flopping the deals almost without any house positions 





Good tracking of  situation and  market is here Shock will change Lithium  and…





There R few  left on the market with serious teams for  plays: Lithium Golden Triangle  and 





Good track of  M&A activity is here with most  are already taken buy  End Users in strateg…





The last deal in  space was with  and Chinese  - Rodinia was not even at the conferenc…





Once  mas market will take off Security of supply will be crucial Battery makers enters the market every month now







There R less than dozen  with  Brine projects and you heard about major  and maybe  Cos is coming now

Important not to miss  with its coming state level plan for for the  demand structure  was in

Another driver for  demand are conventional auto makers WW and in  - spodumene for greases is in high demand now there

Who's who in  and   behind and they invested in Li in  and  in Molycorp and 





Thank you for RTs!





We have a position in this company, please, do not consider anything as an investment advise, as usual, on this blog.





Lithium: The most strategically important mineral of the moment 
Leading industry speakers include:
  • Denis Raymond, Eng., Ministère des Ressources naturelles et de la Faune, Québec, Canada
  • Jaakko Kooroshy, Policy Analyst, The Hague Centre for StrategicStudies
  • Jon Hykawy, Clean Technologies & Material Analyst, Byron Capital Markets, Canada
  • Edward R. Anderson, President & CEO, TRU Group Inc, USA
  • Daniela Desormeaux, General Manager, SignumBox, Chile
  • Anupam Bhattacharjee, Senior Regional Manager – Corporate Sales (South), Mahindra & Mahindra, India
  • Frank Wheatley, Director and Executive Director Corporate Affairs and Strategy, Talison Lithium Limited, Canada
  • Iggy Tan, President, Galaxy Resources, Australia
  • Waldo Perez, President & CEO, Lithium Americas Corp, Canada
  • Ihor A. Kunasz, Consulting Lithium Geologist, TRU Group Inc,Canada
  • Ralph Wahnschafft, Senior Economic Afffairs Officer, Division for Sustainable development, United Nations Department of Economic and Social affairs, USA
  • Rainer Aul, Head of Lithium Business Solutions, Chemetall,Germany
Key topics to be discussed:
      ·         The Strategic Dimension of Lithium Supply: Is Lithium a Strategic Metal?
      
·         Shocking Future Battering the Lithium Industry through 2020
      
·         Future Lithium Demand – an overview
      
·         Applications for advanced batteries and grid storage
      
·         Lithium use in the battery cathode market
      
·         Advantages and disadvantages of brines, hard rock and clay deposits
      
·         Brines vs Mines: Myth and reality of lithium extraction
      
·         Why securing a battery-grade lithium source is so important
      
·         Developing economies – what they could mean for the EV market



Popular Science:

Seth Fletcher
Published on Saturday, January 22nd, 2011 

That's what some experts here at the Lithium Supply and Markets conference believe, and if they're right, it could be good for everyone
If you had to separate the speakers at this year's Lithium Supply and Markets conference into two camps, you could do it like this: There are those who believe that the electrification of the automobile will proceed at a steady, orderly pace, and that over the next 10 or 15 years the world's lithium producers together to mine and process an additional 7 or so percent each year. Then there are those who believe anything could happen–who think this kind of orderly extrapolation is blindly conservative. And generally, these optimists–who believe that there's no telling how quickly electrically-powered vehicles of all kinds will spread, but that it'll probably be far more dramatic than most forecasters expect–happen to do business in either China or India.

Yesterday, for example, Iggy Tan, managing director of the Australian lithium producer Galaxy Resources, excoriated the analyst from TRU who earlier in the day had predicted that lithium suppliers were on track to produce dramatically more lithium over the next several years than the electric-car-battery industry would require. As a result, many of these suppliers would go bankrupt. Tan called the presentation “spreadsheet bull,” a piece of grossly misguided fearmongering that completely failed to take into account the world's two great wild cards: China and India.

Tan, whose company is set to build an electric-bike-battery factory in China, made much the same argument at last year's conference. Today in China, millions of people get around on electric bikes. Tan expects those bikes to quickly switch from lead-acid to lithium-ion batteries, mostly because of government-mandated weight restrictions. Nearly 30 million e-bikes are sold in China every year. This, Tan argues, is the kind of enormous new market that most analyses of the future of the electric vehicle fail to take into account. And it's an important variable: Arguably the biggest problem with electric vehicles today is that the high cost of the batteries makes them inordinately expensive. What would make the batteries cheaper? Building them on a much larger scale. E-bikes obviously require a much smaller and less sophisticated battery than, say, the Chevy Volt, but they require something much more like an electric-car battery than does a laptop, and a proliferation of the lithium-ion powered e-bike could do very good things for the electric-vehicle market as a whole.

This afternoon the optimism came via India, in a speech by Anupam Bhattacharjee of the Indian manufacturing conglomerate Mahindra and Mahindra. He pleaded with the audience: “Please don't be so conservative” in your expectations for the future. Instead, keep in mind developing economies and what they mean for the EV market.

The thought of infrastructure-poor India becoming a major electric-vehicle market might seem far-fetched, but according to Bhattacharjee, it's not. In fact, the government is already steering the country in that direction. Two months ago, he says, the Ministry of New and Renewable energy announced major incentives for people who either buy an electric vehicle or convert their gas car to run electric. Those incentives include a $2225 credit for the purchase of an EV; 80 percent depreciation of that purchase in the first year (mainly for commercial buyers); a lower road tax and Value Added Tax; and other financial incentives. Charging infrastructure is planned for railway stations, highways, shopping malls. Once built, the Tata Tower residential complex, planned for Mumbai, will have 4,050 EV parking stations. And so on. Currently, Bhattacharjee says, the combined government incentives actually make the purchase of a gas-powered car 42 percent more expensive than a comparable EV. Mahindra is also bullish on conversions–taking gas-powered cars and converting them to run on electricity. He thinks it's possible to convert 1 million gas cars to electric drive by 2020. (One million is a popular number: The Chinese government wants the country to make 1 million electric cars a year by 2020.)

All of these numbers are speculative, of course. No one knows exactly how the electrification of the automobile is going to happen. But as Tan and Bhattacharjee reminded us, the possibilities in the developing world are enormous, and could have positive repercussions for plug-in vehicles everywhere."
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